Laboratory glasswares are the various equipments used for scientific experiments and 
research in laboratories. Glassware used in a laboratory is used for different 
purposes.Glasswares are designed in such a way that they can resist chemical attack, withstand sterilization, and resist shattering from thermal shock. Some are used for measuring volumes. Lab glasswares are also used to heat and cool chemicals and solutions.Let us check the most popular laboratory glassware equipments: ---

Dropping Funnel-A dropping funnel is a type of laboratory glassware used to transfer fluids. They are fitted with a stopcock which allows the flow of to be controlled. Dropping funnels are useful for adding reagents slowly, i.e. drop-wise. Beaker-A beaker is a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly used in many laboratories. Beakers are generally cylindrical in shape, with a flat bottom and a lip for pouring. Many also have a small spout to aid pouring. Boiling Tube-A boiling tube, made of borosilicate glass , is in the shape of a test tube and and is used for boiling samples. They are larger than average test tubes and samples are boiled without spilling over. Glass Funnels-Funnels are conical shaped and are used to transfer liquids from one container to another.Vacuum Flask-Also known as a Buckner flask or filter flask, having a short glass tube and hose barb on its neck. Used for boiling samples, preferred for liquids with high boiling points. Graduated Cylinders-These are cylinders which are available in varied sizes and are properly graduated or marked so that volumes can be measured accurately. Burets or burettes-They are used to accurately measure small measured volume of a liquid. It is a graduated tube that has a stopcock at its end at the end and can dispense precise volumes of liquid. Pipets-These are widely used lab glassware to measure and transfer small volumes. They can be thrown away or reused. Can also be autoclaved. NMR Tube-They are made of thin glass and are tube in shape. As the name suggests, they are used to hold samples used for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Condenser-A condenser in a laboratory is used to cool hot liquids or vapors. The basic feature is that consists of a tube within a tube. Crucible-This glassware is in the shape of a cup or bowl and is capable to hold samples which are to be heated to high temperatures. This usually comes with covers or lids. Thistle Tube-A thistle tube is a long glass tube having a reservoir and funnel-like opening at one end. The basic purpose of a thistle tube is to add liquid through a stopper to an existing apparatus. Gas Syringe-A gas syringe is basically a gas collecting bottle. It is used to measure, insert or withdraw a volume of gas. Retort-The shape of the retort is very unique. It is a spherical glass vessel having a downward-bending neck. It is used for distillation or dry distillation and the bending neck acts as a condenser. Schlenk flask-This flask or tube is basically a glass reaction vessel, having a sidearm fitted with a stopcock. This lets the vessel to be filled with gases or evacuated. Glass Bottles with Cork-They are used to safely store chemicals and solutions for further use and to avoid contamination. Boiling Flasks-They are round bottomed glass flasks with thick walls. Also known as Florence flask, they can withstand temperature changes due to heat and chemical reactions.

Cleaning Laboratory Glassware:---Laboratory glassware needs to handled with great care and should be cleaned properly for further use. There are many different methods of cleaning laboratory glassware. Most of the time, these methods are tried in this order of steps:

1. The glassware is soaked in a detergent solution to remove grease and loosen most contamination. 2. Gross contamination and large particles are removed mechanically, by scrubbing with a brush or scouring pad. 3. Alternatively, the first two steps may be combined by sonicating the glassware in a hot detergent solution. 4. Solvents known to dissolve the contamination are used to rinse the<glassware and remove the last traces. 5. Acetone is often used for a final rinse of sensitive or urgently needed glassware as the solvent is miscible with water and forms a low boiling point azeotrope with it, encouraging the remaining aqueous phase to leave more rapidly and thoroughly; this is particularly important if the following work is moisture sensitive. 6. Glassware is often dried by suspending it upside down to drip dry on racks; these can include a hot air fan to blow the internals dry. 7. Another alternative is to place the glassware under vacuum, lower the boiling points of the remaining volatiles. 8. If the glassware are still dirty, more drastic methods may be needed. This includes soaking the piece in a saturated solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide in an alcohol ("base bath"), followed by a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid ("acid bath") to neutralize the excess base. 9. Sodium hydroxide cleans glass by dissolving a tiny layer of silica, to give soluble silicates. 10.Care should be taken using strongly alkaline solutions to clean fritted glassware, as this will degrade the frit over time.

Important Note: More aggressive cleaning methods involving aqua regia (for removing metals from frits), piranha solution and chromic acid (for removing organics), and hydrofluoric acid baths are generally considered unsafe for routine use because of possible explosions and the corrosive/toxic materials involved.

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